Full-Hard Nickel Alloy 201
Full-hard nickel 201 is nickel 201 in the full-hard temper. It has the highest strength and lowest ductility compared to the other variants of nickel 201. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare full-hard nickel 201 to: wrought nickels (top), all nickel alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
180 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
4.5 %
Fatigue Strength
210 MPa 30 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.31
Shear Modulus
70 GPa 10 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
380 MPa 55 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
660 MPa 95 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
510 MPa 74 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Curie Temperature
360 °C 680 °F
Latent Heat of Fusion
290 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
900 °C 1650 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1450 °C 2630 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1440 °C 2620 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
440 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
78 W/m-K 45 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
13 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
19 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
19 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
65 % relative
Density
8.9 g/cm3 550 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
11 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
150 MJ/kg 63 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
230 L/kg 28 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
27 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
720 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
11 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
21 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
20 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
19 points
Thermal Diffusivity
20 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
19 points
Alloy Composition
| Ni | 99 to 100 | |
| Fe | 0 to 0.4 | |
| Mn | 0 to 0.35 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.35 | |
| Cu | 0 to 0.25 | |
| C | 0 to 0.020 | |
| S | 0 to 0.010 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
ASTM B161: Standard Specification for Nickel Seamless Pipe and Tube
Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Nickel-Base Alloys, John C. Lippold et al., 2009
ASM Specialty Handbook: Nickel, Cobalt, and Their Alloys, Joseph R. Davis (editor), 2000
Engineering Properties of Nickel and Nickel Alloys, John L. Everhart, 1971
Nickel Alloys, Ulrich Heubner (editor), 1998
CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015