Full-Hard Nickel Alloy 690
Full-hard nickel 690 is nickel 690 in the full-hard temper. It has the highest strength and lowest ductility compared to the other variants of nickel 690. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare full-hard nickel 690 to: wrought nickels (top), all nickel alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
90
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
200 GPa 29 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
3.4 %
Fatigue Strength
300 MPa 44 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.28
Shear Modulus
79 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
570 MPa 83 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
990 MPa 140 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
760 MPa 110 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
320 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
1010 °C 1860 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1380 °C 2510 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1340 °C 2450 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
14 W/m-K 7.9 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
14 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
1.5 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
1.6 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
50 % relative
Density
8.3 g/cm3 520 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
8.2 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
120 MJ/kg 50 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
290 L/kg 34 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
31 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
1440 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
33 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
27 points
Thermal Diffusivity
3.5 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
25 points
Alloy Composition
| Ni | 58 to 66 | |
| Cr | 27 to 31 | |
| Fe | 7.0 to 11 | |
| Mn | 0 to 0.5 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.5 | |
| Cu | 0 to 0.5 | |
| C | 0 to 0.050 | |
| S | 0 to 0.015 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
ASTM B167: Standard Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys (UNS N06600, N06601, N06603, N06690, N06693, N06025, and N06045) and Nickel-Chromium-Cobalt-Molybdenum Alloy (UNS N06617) Seamless Pipe and Tube
ASTM B168: Standard Specification Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys (UNS N06600, N06601, N06603, N06690, N06693, N06025, and N06045) and Nickel-Chromium-Cobalt-Molybdenum Alloy (UNS N06617) Plate, Sheet, and Strip
ASTM B247: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Die Forgings, Hand Forgings, and Rolled Ring Forgings
ASM Specialty Handbook: Nickel, Cobalt, and Their Alloys, Joseph R. Davis (editor), 2000
Machining of Stainless Steels and Super Alloys: Traditional and Nontraditional Techniques, Helmi A. Youssef, 2016
Engineering Properties of Nickel and Nickel Alloys, John L. Everhart, 1971
Nickel Alloys, Ulrich Heubner (editor), 1998
CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015