Grade 31 (R53532) Titanium
Grade 31 titanium is a titanium alloy formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the annealed condition. R53532 is the UNS number for this material. Additionally, the ASTM designation is Titanium Grade 31.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare grade 31 titanium to: wrought titaniums (top), all titanium alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
110 GPa 16 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
20 %
Fatigue Strength
300 MPa 44 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.32
Reduction in Area
34 %
Shear Modulus
41 GPa 5.9 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
320 MPa 47 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
510 MPa 74 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
450 MPa 65 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
420 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
320 °C 600 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1660 °C 3020 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1610 °C 2930 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
540 J/kg-K 0.13 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
21 W/m-K 12 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
8.7 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
3.4 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
6.9 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Density
4.5 g/cm3 280 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
36 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
600 MJ/kg 260 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
230 L/kg 27 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
99 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
940 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
35 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
32 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
32 points
Thermal Diffusivity
8.5 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
39 points
Alloy Composition
| Ti | 97.9 to 99.76 | |
| Co | 0.2 to 0.8 | |
| O | 0 to 0.35 | |
| Fe | 0 to 0.3 | |
| Pd | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| C | 0 to 0.080 | |
| N | 0 to 0.050 | |
| H | 0 to 0.015 | |
| res. | 0 to 0.4 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
Titanium Alloys: Modelling of Microstructure, Properties, and Applications, Wei Sha and Savko Malinov, 2009
ASTM B381: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Forgings
ASTM B265: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate
ASTM B348: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets
Titanium and Titanium Alloys: Fundamentals and Applications, Christoph Leyens and Manfred Peters (editors), 2003
Titanium, 2nd ed., G. Lutjering and J. C. Williams, 2007