Half-Hard 304L Stainless Steel
Half-hard AISI 304L is AISI 304L stainless steel in the half-hard temper. It has the highest strength and lowest ductility compared to the other variants of AISI 304L stainless steel. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare half-hard AISI 304L to: wrought austenitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
350
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
200 GPa 29 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
6.7 %
Fatigue Strength
430 MPa 62 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.28
Rockwell B Hardness
79
Shear Modulus
77 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
680 MPa 98 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
1160 MPa 170 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
870 MPa 130 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
290 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion
420 °C 790 °F
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
540 °C 1000 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1450 °C 2640 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1400 °C 2550 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
480 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
16 W/m-K 9.2 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
17 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
2.4 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
2.7 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
16 % relative
Calomel Potential
-80 mV
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
3.1 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
44 MJ/kg 19 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
150 L/kg 18 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
20
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
71 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
1900 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
25 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
41 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
31 points
Thermal Diffusivity
4.2 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
25 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 65 to 74 | |
| Cr | 18 to 20 | |
| Ni | 8.0 to 12 | |
| Mn | 0 to 2.0 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.75 | |
| N | 0 to 0.1 | |
| P | 0 to 0.045 | |
| C | 0 to 0.030 | |
| S | 0 to 0.030 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
ASTM A666: Standard Specification for Annealed or Cold-Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Flat Bar
ASTM A182: Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service
ASTM A276: Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
Welding Metallurgy of Stainless Steels, Erich Folkhard et al., 2012
ASTM A959: Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Stainless Steels
Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels: Mechanism, Mitigation and Monitoring, H. S. Khatak and B. Raj (editors), 2002
Pressure Vessels: External Pressure Technology, 2nd ed., Carl T. F. Ross, 2011
Austenitic Stainless Steels: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties, P. Marshall, 1984
ASM Specialty Handbook: Stainless Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1994
Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010