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Hardened A2 Tool Steel

Hardened SAE-AISI A2 is SAE-AISI A2 steel in the hardened (H) condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare hardened SAE-AISI A2 to: tool steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 28 x 106 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Rockwell C Hardness

63

Shear Modulus

74 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

2040 MPa 300 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

260 J/g

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1450 °C 2650 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1410 °C 2570 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

38 W/m-K 22 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

11 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

8.2 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

9.5 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

5.5 % relative

Density

7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

2.7 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

38 MJ/kg 16 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

73 L/kg 8.8 gal/lb

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)

8.9

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

14 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

25 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

73 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

46 points

Thermal Diffusivity

10 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

71 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe 89.4 to 93.3
Chromium (Cr)Cr 4.8 to 5.5
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 0.9 to 1.4
Carbon (C)C 1.0 to 1.1
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0 to 1.0
Vanadium (V)V 0.15 to 0.5
Silicon (Si)Si 0 to 0.5
Nickel (Ni)Ni 0 to 0.3
Copper (Cu)Cu 0 to 0.25
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.030
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.030

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

How are the material properties defined?How do I compare this exact variant to another material?

Further Reading

SAE J437: Selection and Heat Treatment of Tool and Die Steels

ASTM A681: Standard Specification for Tool Steels Alloy

Tool Steels, 5th ed., George Roberts et al., 1998

Tool Steels: Properties and Performance, Rafael A. Mesquita (editor), 2016

ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996

CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015