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Hardened S1 Tool Steel

Hardened SAE-AISI S1 is SAE-AISI S1 steel in the hardened (H) condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare hardened SAE-AISI S1 to: tool steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 27 x 106 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Rockwell C Hardness

57

Shear Modulus

73 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

1840 MPa 270 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

260 J/g

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1500 °C 2730 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1450 °C 2650 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

41 W/m-K 24 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

12 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

7.7 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

8.7 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

8.0 % relative

Density

8.0 g/cm3 500 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

2.6 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

37 MJ/kg 16 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

56 L/kg 6.7 gal/lb

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)

5.9

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

24 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

64 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

42 points

Thermal Diffusivity

11 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

56 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe 91.6 to 96.7
Tungsten (W)W 1.5 to 3.0
Chromium (Cr)Cr 1.0 to 1.8
Silicon (Si)Si 0.15 to 1.2
Carbon (C)C 0.4 to 0.55
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0.1 to 0.4
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 0 to 0.5
Vanadium (V)V 0.15 to 0.3
Nickel (Ni)Ni 0 to 0.3
Copper (Cu)Cu 0 to 0.25
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.030
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.030

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

How are the material properties defined?How do I compare this exact variant to another material?

Further Reading

SAE J437: Selection and Heat Treatment of Tool and Die Steels

ASTM A681: Standard Specification for Tool Steels Alloy

Tool Steels, 5th ed., George Roberts et al., 1998

Tool Steels: Properties and Performance, Rafael A. Mesquita (editor), 2016

ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996

CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015