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Hot Finished 316L Stainless Steel

Hot finished AISI 316L is AISI 316L stainless steel in the hot worked condition. It has the second lowest strength and highest ductility compared to the other variants of AISI 316L stainless steel.

The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare hot finished AISI 316L to: wrought austenitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

170

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

200 GPa 29 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

50 %

Fatigue Strength

230 MPa 33 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.28

Rockwell B Hardness

80

Shear Modulus

78 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

410 MPa 59 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

570 MPa 83 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

240 MPa 34 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

290 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Corrosion

410 °C 770 °F

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

870 °C 1600 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1400 °C 2550 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1380 °C 2510 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

15 W/m-K 8.8 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

16 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

2.3 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

2.6 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

19 % relative

Calomel Potential

-50 mV

Density

7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

3.9 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

53 MJ/kg 23 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

150 L/kg 18 gal/lb

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)

26

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

230 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

140 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

14 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

25 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

20 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

19 points

Thermal Diffusivity

4.1 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

13 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe 62 to 72
Chromium (Cr)Cr 16 to 18
Nickel (Ni)Ni 10 to 14
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 2.0 to 3.0
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0 to 2.0
Silicon (Si)Si 0 to 0.75
Nitrogen (N)N 0 to 0.1
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.045
Carbon (C)C 0 to 0.030
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.030

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Further Reading

ASTM A182: Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service

ASTM A276: Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes

Welding Metallurgy of Stainless Steels, Erich Folkhard et al., 2012

ASTM A959: Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Stainless Steels

Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels: Mechanism, Mitigation and Monitoring, H. S. Khatak and B. Raj (editors), 2002

Austenitic Stainless Steels: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties, P. Marshall, 1984

ASM Specialty Handbook: Stainless Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1994

Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010