Hot Rolled 1012 Carbon Steel
Hot rolled SAE-AISI 1012 is SAE-AISI 1012 steel in the hot worked condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare hot rolled SAE-AISI 1012 to: wrought carbon or non-alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
100
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
31 %
Fatigue Strength
150 MPa 22 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Reduction in Area
57 %
Shear Modulus
73 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
230 MPa 34 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
360 MPa 52 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
200 MPa 29 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
400 °C 750 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1470 °C 2670 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2600 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
53 W/m-K 31 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
12 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
6.9 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
7.9 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
1.8 % relative
Density
7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.4 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
18 MJ/kg 7.8 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
45 L/kg 5.4 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
93 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
110 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
13 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
14 points
Thermal Diffusivity
14 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
11 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 99.16 to 99.6 | |
| Mn | 0.3 to 0.6 | |
| C | 0.1 to 0.15 | |
| S | 0 to 0.050 | |
| P | 0 to 0.040 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
Cold-Formed Steel Structures to the AISI Specification, Gregory J. Hancock et al., 2001
ASTM A29: Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
Carbon Steel Handbook, D. Gandy, 2007
ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015