Hot Rolled (+U) 1.0213 Steel
EN 1.0213 +U steel is EN 1.0213 steel in the hot worked condition. It has the highest ductility compared to the other variants of EN 1.0213 steel. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.0213 +U steel to: wrought carbon or non-alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
100
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
25 %
Fatigue Strength
160 MPa 23 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Reduction in Area
74 %
Shear Modulus
73 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
230 MPa 33 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
360 MPa 52 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
220 MPa 31 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
400 °C 750 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1470 °C 2670 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1430 °C 2600 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
53 W/m-K 31 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
12 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
6.9 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
7.9 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
1.8 % relative
Density
7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.4 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
18 MJ/kg 7.8 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
46 L/kg 5.5 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
77 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
120 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
13 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
14 points
Thermal Diffusivity
14 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
11 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 99.245 to 99.67 | |
| Mn | 0.25 to 0.45 | |
| C | 0.060 to 0.1 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.1 | |
| Al | 0.020 to 0.060 | |
| S | 0 to 0.025 | |
| P | 0 to 0.020 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
EN 10263-2: Steel rod, bars and wire for cold heading and cold extrusion - Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for steels not intended for heat treatment after cold working
Carbon Steel Handbook, D. Gandy, 2007
ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015