Monel 400 (NiCu30Fe, 2.4360, N04400, NA13)
Monel 400 is a nickel alloy formulated for primary forming into wrought products. 2.4360 is the EN numeric designation for this material. NiCu30Fe is the EN chemical designation. NA13 is the British Standard (BS) designation. N04400 is the UNS number. Monel 400 is the common industry name. Additionally, the AFNOR (French) designation is NU30.
It has a moderately low embodied energy among the wrought nickels in the database.
The properties of Monel 400 include three common variations. This page shows summary ranges across all of them. For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare Monel 400 to: wrought nickels (top), all nickel alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
160 GPa 24 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
20 to 40 %
Fatigue Strength
230 to 290 MPa 34 to 42 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.32
Shear Modulus
62 GPa 9.0 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
370 to 490 MPa 53 to 71 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
540 to 780 MPa 78 to 110 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
210 to 590 MPa 31 to 86 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Curie Temperature
40 °C 100 °F
Latent Heat of Fusion
270 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
1000 °C 1830 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1350 °C 2460 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1300 °C 2370 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
430 J/kg-K 0.1 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
23 W/m-K 13 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
14 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
3.3 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
3.4 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
50 % relative
Calomel Potential
-80 mV
Density
8.9 g/cm3 550 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
7.9 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
110 MJ/kg 48 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
250 L/kg 30 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
140 to 180 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
140 to 1080 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
10 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
21 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
17 to 25 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
17 to 21 points
Thermal Diffusivity
6.1 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
17 to 25 points
Alloy Composition
| Ni | 63 to 72 | |
| Cu | 28 to 34 | |
| Fe | 0 to 2.5 | |
| Mn | 0 to 2.0 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.5 | |
| C | 0 to 0.3 | |
| S | 0 to 0.024 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM B127: Standard Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy (UNS N04400) Plate, Sheet, and Strip
ASTM B165: Standard Specification of Nickel-Copper Alloy (UNS N04400) Seamless Pipe and Tube
ASTM B725: Standard Specification for Welded Nickel (UNS N02200/UNS N02201) and Nickel Copper Alloy (UNS N04400) Pipe
ASTM B164: Standard Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy Rod, Bar, and Wire
ASTM B564: Standard Specification for Nickel Alloy Forgings
Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Nickel-Base Alloys, John C. Lippold et al., 2009
ASM Specialty Handbook: Nickel, Cobalt, and Their Alloys, Joseph R. Davis (editor), 2000
Engineering Properties of Nickel and Nickel Alloys, John L. Everhart, 1971
Nickel Alloys, Ulrich Heubner (editor), 1998
CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015