Normalized (+N) 1.0038 Steel
EN 1.0038 +N steel is EN 1.0038 steel in the normalized condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.0038 +N steel to: wrought carbon or non-alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
110
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
23 %
Fatigue Strength
140 MPa 21 x 103 psi
Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy
28 J 21 ft-lb
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Shear Modulus
73 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
240 MPa 35 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
380 MPa 55 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
200 MPa 29 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
400 °C 750 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2660 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2590 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
49 W/m-K 28 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
12 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.2 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.3 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
2.1 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.4 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
19 MJ/kg 8.1 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
48 L/kg 5.7 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
72 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
110 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
13 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
15 points
Thermal Diffusivity
13 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
12 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 97.1 to 100 | |
| Mn | 0 to 1.5 | |
| Cu | 0 to 0.6 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.55 | |
| Cr | 0 to 0.3 | |
| Ni | 0 to 0.3 | |
| C | 0 to 0.23 | |
| Mo | 0 to 0.080 | |
| P | 0 to 0.045 | |
| S | 0 to 0.045 | |
| N | 0 to 0.014 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
EN 10025-2: Hot rolled products of structural steels - Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structural steels
EN 10250-2: Open die steel forgings for general engineering purposes - Part 2: Non-alloy quality and special steels
Carbon Steel Handbook, D. Gandy, 2007
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015