SAE-AISI 1016 (G10160) Carbon Steel
SAE-AISI 1016 steel is a carbon (non-alloy) steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. 1016 is the designation in both the SAE and AISI systems for this material. G10160 is the UNS number.
The properties of SAE-AISI 1016 steel include two common variations. This page shows summary ranges across both of them. For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare SAE-AISI 1016 steel to: wrought carbon or non-alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
120 to 140
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
21 to 28 %
Fatigue Strength
180 to 270 MPa 26 to 40 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Reduction in Area
45 to 57 %
Shear Modulus
73 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
280 to 300 MPa 40 to 44 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
430 to 480 MPa 62 to 69 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
240 to 390 MPa 34 to 57 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
400 °C 750 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2670 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2590 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
52 W/m-K 30 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
12 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.0 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.0 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
1.8 % relative
Density
7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.4 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
18 MJ/kg 7.9 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
46 L/kg 5.5 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
92 to 100 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
150 to 410 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
15 to 17 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
16 to 17 points
Thermal Diffusivity
14 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
13 to 15 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 98.8 to 99.27 | |
| Mn | 0.6 to 0.9 | |
| C | 0.13 to 0.18 | |
| S | 0 to 0.050 | |
| P | 0 to 0.040 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM A29: Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
Microstructure of Steels and Cast Irons, Madeleine Durand-Charre, 2004
Carbon Steel Handbook, D. Gandy, 2007
ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015