SAE-AISI 1044 (G10440) Carbon Steel
SAE-AISI 1044 steel is a carbon (non-alloy) steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the hot worked condition. 1044 is the designation in both the SAE and AISI systems for this material. G10440 is the UNS number.
It has a moderately high tensile strength among the wrought carbon or non-alloy steels in the database.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare SAE-AISI 1044 steel to: wrought carbon or non-alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
180
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
18 %
Fatigue Strength
230 MPa 34 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Reduction in Area
46 %
Shear Modulus
72 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
380 MPa 55 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
620 MPa 89 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
340 MPa 50 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
400 °C 750 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2660 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2590 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
51 W/m-K 29 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
12 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.0 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.0 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
1.8 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.4 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
18 MJ/kg 7.9 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
45 L/kg 5.4 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
94 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
320 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
22 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
21 points
Thermal Diffusivity
14 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
20 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 98.8 to 99.27 | |
| C | 0.43 to 0.5 | |
| Mn | 0.3 to 0.6 | |
| S | 0 to 0.050 | |
| P | 0 to 0.040 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM A29: Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
Carbon Steel Handbook, D. Gandy, 2007
ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015