SAE-AISI 1049 (G10490) Carbon Steel
SAE-AISI 1049 steel is a carbon (non-alloy) steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. 1049 is the designation in both the SAE and AISI systems for this material. G10490 is the UNS number.
It can have a moderately low ductility and a moderately high tensile strength among wrought carbon or non-alloy steels.
The properties of SAE-AISI 1049 steel include three common variations. This page shows summary ranges across all of them. For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare SAE-AISI 1049 steel to: wrought carbon or non-alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
200 to 220
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
11 to 17 %
Fatigue Strength
250 to 400 MPa 36 to 57 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Reduction in Area
34 to 46 %
Shear Modulus
72 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
420 to 450 MPa 61 to 65 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
680 to 750 MPa 99 to 110 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
370 to 640 MPa 54 to 93 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
400 °C 750 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2660 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2590 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
51 W/m-K 30 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
12 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.0 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.1 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
1.8 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.4 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
18 MJ/kg 7.9 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
46 L/kg 5.5 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
75 to 99 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
370 to 1090 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
24 to 27 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
22 to 23 points
Thermal Diffusivity
14 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
22 to 24 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 98.5 to 98.9 | |
| Mn | 0.6 to 0.9 | |
| C | 0.46 to 0.53 | |
| S | 0 to 0.050 | |
| P | 0 to 0.040 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM A29: Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
Carbon Steel Handbook, D. Gandy, 2007
ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015