SAE-AISI 1095 (SUP4, 1.1274, C100S, G10950) Carbon Steel
SAE-AISI 1095 steel is a carbon (non-alloy) steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. 1095 is the designation in both the SAE and AISI systems for this material. 1.1274 is the EN numeric designation. And G10950 is the UNS number.
It has a fairly low thermal conductivity among wrought carbon or non-alloy steels. In addition, it can have a fairly low ductility and has a fairly high electrical conductivity.
The properties of SAE-AISI 1095 steel include three common variations. This page shows summary ranges across all of them. For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare SAE-AISI 1095 steel to: wrought carbon or non-alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
200 to 270
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
10 to 11 %
Fatigue Strength
310 to 370 MPa 44 to 53 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Reduction in Area
28 to 45 %
Shear Modulus
72 GPa 10 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
400 to 540 MPa 59 to 78 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
680 to 900 MPa 99 to 130 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
500 to 590 MPa 72 to 86 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
240 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
400 °C 750 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1450 °C 2650 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1410 °C 2580 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
47 W/m-K 27 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
12 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
9.6 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
11 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
1.8 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.4 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
19 MJ/kg 8.0 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
45 L/kg 5.4 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
63 to 84 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
660 to 930 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
24 to 32 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
22 to 26 points
Thermal Diffusivity
13 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
22 to 29 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 98.4 to 98.8 | |
| C | 0.9 to 1.0 | |
| Mn | 0.3 to 0.5 | |
| S | 0 to 0.050 | |
| P | 0 to 0.040 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM A29: Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
Microstructure of Steels and Cast Irons, Madeleine Durand-Charre, 2004
Carbon Steel Handbook, D. Gandy, 2007
ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015