SAE-ASTM Grade G4000d (F10012) Grey Cast Iron
Grade G4000d cast iron is a type of automotive grey cast iron. Cited properties are appropriate for the as-fabricated (no temper or treatment) condition. F10012 is the UNS number for this material. Additionally, the ASTM designation is ASTM A159 grade 4000d. And the SAE designation is SAE J431 grade 4000d.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare grade G4000d cast iron to: cast irons (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
280
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
180 GPa 26 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
9.6 %
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Shear Modulus
70 GPa 10 x 106 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
290 MPa 43 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
180 MPa 26 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
280 J/g
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1390 °C 2530 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1350 °C 2460 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
490 J/kg-K 0.12 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
42 W/m-K 24 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
14 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.6 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
9.1 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
3.0 % relative
Density
7.5 g/cm3 470 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.7 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
24 MJ/kg 10 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
51 L/kg 6.1 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
2.7
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
25 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
89 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
25 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
11 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
13 points
Thermal Diffusivity
11 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
8.6 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 90.6 to 93.1 | |
| C | 3.1 to 3.6 | |
| Si | 2.0 to 2.4 | |
| Cr | 0.85 to 1.3 | |
| Mn | 0.6 to 0.9 | |
| Mo | 0.4 to 0.6 | |
| Ni | 0 to 0.45 | |
| S | 0 to 0.15 | |
| P | 0 to 0.1 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM A159: Standard Specification for Automotive Gray Iron Castings
SAE J431: Automotive Gray Iron Castings
Cast Iron: Physical and Engineering Properties, Harold T. Angus, 1976
Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High Performance Alloys, ASM Handbook vol. 1, ASM International, 1993
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008