UNS C90400 Tin Bronze
C90400 bronze is a bronze formulated for casting. Cited properties are appropriate for the as-fabricated (no temper or treatment) condition. It has a fairly high thermal conductivity among cast bronzes. In addition, it has a fairly high ductility and a moderately high base cost.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare C90400 bronze to: cast bronzes (top), all copper alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
77
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
110 GPa 16 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
24 %
Poisson's Ratio
0.34
Shear Modulus
41 GPa 5.9 x 106 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
310 MPa 45 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
180 MPa 26 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
190 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
170 °C 340 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
990 °C 1810 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
850 °C 1570 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
370 J/kg-K 0.089 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
75 W/m-K 43 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
18 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
12 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
12 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
34 % relative
Density
8.7 g/cm3 540 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
3.5 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
56 MJ/kg 24 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
370 L/kg 44 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
65 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
150 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
7.0 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
18 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
10 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
12 points
Thermal Diffusivity
23 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
11 points
Alloy Composition
Among cast copper alloys, the composition of C90400 bronze is notable for including zirconium (Zr). Zirconium is used to increase recrystallization temperature and to permit or facilitate certain forms of heat treatment.
| Cu | 86 to 89 | |
| Sn | 7.5 to 8.5 | |
| Zn | 1.0 to 5.0 | |
| Ni | 0 to 1.0 | |
| S | 0.1 to 0.65 | |
| Fe | 0 to 0.4 | |
| B | 0 to 0.1 | |
| Zr | 0 to 0.1 | |
| Pb | 0 to 0.090 | |
| P | 0 to 0.050 | |
| Sb | 0 to 0.020 | |
| Mn | 0 to 0.010 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| Al | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| res. | 0 to 0.7 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, ASM Handbook vol. 2, ASM International, 1993
CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015