UNS C94100 Journal Bronze
C94100 bronze is a bronze formulated for casting. Cited properties are appropriate for the as-fabricated (no temper or treatment) condition. It has a very low heat capacity among cast bronzes. In addition, it has a very low melting temperature and a very low tensile strength.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare C94100 bronze to: cast bronzes (top), all copper alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
92 GPa 13 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
7.8 %
Poisson's Ratio
0.36
Shear Modulus
34 GPa 4.9 x 106 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
190 MPa 28 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
130 MPa 19 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
160 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
130 °C 260 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
870 °C 1590 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
790 °C 1460 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
330 J/kg-K 0.078 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Expansion
20 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
9.0 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.8 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
29 % relative
Density
9.2 g/cm3 570 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
3.0 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
48 MJ/kg 20 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
370 L/kg 44 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
14 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
97 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
5.5 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
16 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
5.8 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
8.1 points
Thermal Shock Resistance
7.6 points
Alloy Composition
Among cast copper alloys, the composition of C94100 bronze is notable for containing a comparatively high amount of lead (Pb). Lead is used to improve machinability and bearing properties, at the cost of toxicity. It also adds pressure tightness to castings.
| Cu | 72 to 79 | |
| Pb | 18 to 22 | |
| Sn | 4.5 to 6.5 | |
| P | 0 to 1.5 | |
| Ni | 0 to 1.0 | |
| Zn | 0 to 1.0 | |
| Sb | 0 to 0.8 | |
| Fe | 0 to 0.25 | |
| S | 0 to 0.080 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| Al | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| res. | 0 to 1.3 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM B505: Standard Specification for Copper Alloy Continuous Castings
ASM Specialty Handbook: Copper and Copper Alloys, J. R. Davis (editor), 2001