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204.0 Aluminum vs. ASTM A231 Spring Steel

204.0 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ASTM A231 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 204.0 aluminum and the bottom bar is ASTM A231 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 90 to 120
540
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 71
190
Elongation at Break, % 5.7 to 7.8
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 63 to 77
1000
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 230 to 340
1790
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 180 to 220
1570

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 390
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 170
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 650
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 580
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 880
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 120
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 19
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 29 to 34
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 87 to 100
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 11
2.3
Density, g/cm3 3.0
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.0
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 1150
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 12 to 23
230
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 46
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 21 to 31
64
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 28 to 36
42
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 46
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 12 to 18
53

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 93.4 to 95.5
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.48 to 0.53
Chromium (Cr), % 0
0.8 to 1.1
Copper (Cu), % 4.2 to 5.0
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.35
96.7 to 97.7
Magnesium (Mg), % 0.15 to 0.35
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.1
0.7 to 0.9
Nickel (Ni), % 0 to 0.050
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.2
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.040
Tin (Sn), % 0 to 0.050
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0.15 to 0.3
0
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.15 to 0.3
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.1
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0