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238.0 Aluminum vs. SAE-AISI P4 Steel

238.0 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while SAE-AISI P4 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 23 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (7, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 238.0 aluminum and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI P4 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 76
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 28
74
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 210
390 to 1980

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 430
260
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 600
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 510
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 840
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 100
41
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 21
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 25
8.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 67
9.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 12
4.4
Density, g/cm3 3.4
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 7.4
1.8
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 140
23
Embodied Water, L/kg 1040
68

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 12
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 42
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 17
14 to 70
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 23
15 to 45
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 37
11
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 9.1
13 to 64

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 81.9 to 84.9
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0 to 0.12
Chromium (Cr), % 0
4.0 to 5.3
Copper (Cu), % 9.5 to 10.5
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 1.0 to 1.5
92.3 to 95.3
Magnesium (Mg), % 0 to 0.25
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0
0.2 to 0.6
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.4 to 1.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 3.6 to 4.4
0.1 to 0.4
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.030
Zinc (Zn), % 1.0 to 1.5
0