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240.0 Aluminum vs. ASTM A372 Grade D Steel

240.0 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ASTM A372 grade D steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 240.0 aluminum and the bottom bar is ASTM A372 grade D steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 72
190
Elongation at Break, % 1.0
17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 140
340
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 240
810
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 200
510

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 380
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 180
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 600
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 520
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 860
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 96
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 22
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 23
7.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 65
8.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 12
2.1
Density, g/cm3 3.2
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.7
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
20
Embodied Water, L/kg 1100
48

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 2.2
120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 280
700
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 12
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 43
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 20
29
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 26
25
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 35
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 11
26

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 81.7 to 86.9
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.4 to 0.5
Copper (Cu), % 7.0 to 9.0
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.5
97.1 to 97.9
Magnesium (Mg), % 5.5 to 6.5
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 0.7
1.4 to 1.8
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.17 to 0.27
Nickel (Ni), % 0.3 to 0.7
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.015
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.5
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.010
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.2
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.1
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0