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295.0 Aluminum vs. ASTM A387 Grade 12 Steel

295.0 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ASTM A387 grade 12 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 295.0 aluminum and the bottom bar is ASTM A387 grade 12 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 60 to 93
140 to 160
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 71
190
Elongation at Break, % 2.0 to 7.2
25
Fatigue Strength, MPa 44 to 55
190 to 230
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
73
Shear Strength, MPa 180 to 230
300 to 330
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 230 to 280
470 to 520
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 100 to 220
260 to 310

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 400
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 170
430
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 640
1470
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 530
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 880
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 140
44
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 23
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 35
7.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 100
8.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 10
2.8
Density, g/cm3 3.0
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 7.9
1.6
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
21
Embodied Water, L/kg 1140
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 5.2 to 13
98 to 110
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 77 to 340
180 to 250
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 46
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 21 to 26
16 to 18
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 27 to 32
17 to 18
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 54
12
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 9.8 to 12
14 to 15

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 91.4 to 95.3
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.050 to 0.17
Chromium (Cr), % 0
0.8 to 1.2
Copper (Cu), % 4.0 to 5.0
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 1.0
97 to 98.2
Magnesium (Mg), % 0 to 0.030
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.35
0.4 to 0.65
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.45 to 0.6
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.025
Silicon (Si), % 0.7 to 1.5
0.15 to 0.4
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.025
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.25
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.35
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0