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3004 Aluminum vs. ACI-ASTM CG8M Steel

3004 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ACI-ASTM CG8M steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 3004 aluminum and the bottom bar is ACI-ASTM CG8M steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 45 to 83
180
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 70
200
Elongation at Break, % 1.1 to 19
45
Fatigue Strength, MPa 55 to 120
280
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 26
79
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 170 to 310
550
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 68 to 270
300

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 400
300
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 180
1020
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 650
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 630
1400
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 900
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 160
16
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 24
16

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 42
2.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 140
2.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 9.5
20
Density, g/cm3 2.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.3
4.1
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
56
Embodied Water, L/kg 1180
160

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 3.2 to 27
210
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 33 to 540
220
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 50
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18 to 31
19
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 25 to 37
19
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 65
4.3
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 7.6 to 13
12

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 95.6 to 98.2
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 0
18 to 21
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.25
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.7
58.8 to 70
Magnesium (Mg), % 0.8 to 1.3
0
Manganese (Mn), % 1.0 to 1.5
0 to 1.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
3.0 to 4.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
9.0 to 13
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.3
0 to 1.5
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.040
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.25
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0