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3004 Aluminum vs. ASTM Grade HL Steel

3004 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ASTM grade HL steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 26 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 3004 aluminum and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HL steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 45 to 83
150
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 70
200
Elongation at Break, % 1.1 to 19
11
Fatigue Strength, MPa 55 to 120
150
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 26
80
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 170 to 310
500
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 68 to 270
270

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 400
320
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 180
1100
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 650
1390
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 630
1340
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 900
490
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 24
17

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 9.5
27
Density, g/cm3 2.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.3
4.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
65
Embodied Water, L/kg 1180
210

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 3.2 to 27
48
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 33 to 540
180
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 50
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18 to 31
18
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 25 to 37
18
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 7.6 to 13
11

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 95.6 to 98.2
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.2 to 0.6
Chromium (Cr), % 0
28 to 32
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.25
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.7
40.8 to 53.8
Magnesium (Mg), % 0.8 to 1.3
0
Manganese (Mn), % 1.0 to 1.5
0 to 2.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0 to 0.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
18 to 22
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.3
0 to 2.0
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.040
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.25
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0