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3005 Aluminum vs. ASTM A372 Grade C Steel

3005 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ASTM A372 grade C steel belongs to the iron alloys. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 3005 aluminum and the bottom bar is ASTM A372 grade C steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 33 to 73
210
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 70
190
Elongation at Break, % 1.1 to 16
17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 53 to 100
290
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 26
73
Shear Strength, MPa 84 to 150
440
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 140 to 270
710
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 51 to 240
430

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 400
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 180
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 660
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 640
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 900
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 160
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 23
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 42
7.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 140
8.2

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 9.5
1.8
Density, g/cm3 2.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.2
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 1180
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 2.2 to 18
100
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 18 to 390
500
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 49
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 14 to 27
25
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 21 to 33
23
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 64
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 6.0 to 12
22

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 95.7 to 98.8
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0 to 0.48
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.1
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.3
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.7
97.5 to 99.85
Magnesium (Mg), % 0.2 to 0.6
0
Manganese (Mn), % 1.0 to 1.5
0 to 1.7
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.015
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.6
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.010
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.1
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.25
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0