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3105 Aluminum vs. ASTM A372 Grade M Steel

3105 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ASTM A372 grade M steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 3105 aluminum and the bottom bar is ASTM A372 grade M steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 29 to 67
240 to 280
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 69
190
Elongation at Break, % 1.1 to 20
18 to 21
Fatigue Strength, MPa 39 to 95
450 to 520
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 26
73
Shear Strength, MPa 77 to 140
510 to 570
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 120 to 240
810 to 910
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 46 to 220
660 to 770

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 400
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 180
450
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 660
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 640
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 900
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 170
46
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 24
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 44
8.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 140
9.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 9.5
5.0
Density, g/cm3 2.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.2
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
27
Embodied Water, L/kg 1180
61

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 2.6 to 19
160
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 15 to 340
1140 to 1580
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 50
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 12 to 24
29 to 32
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 20 to 31
24 to 27
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 68
12
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 5.2 to 11
24 to 27

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 96 to 99.5
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0 to 0.23
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.2
1.5 to 2.0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.3
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.7
92.5 to 95.1
Magnesium (Mg), % 0.2 to 0.8
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 0.8
0.2 to 0.4
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.4 to 0.6
Nickel (Ni), % 0
2.8 to 3.9
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.015
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.6
0 to 0.3
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.010
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.1
0
Vanadium (V), % 0
0 to 0.080
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.4
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0

Comparable Variants