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3105 Aluminum vs. SAE-AISI 4340M Steel

3105 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 4340M steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 3105 aluminum and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4340M steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 29 to 67
710
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 69
190
Elongation at Break, % 1.1 to 20
6.0
Fatigue Strength, MPa 39 to 95
690
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 26
72
Shear Strength, MPa 77 to 140
1360
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 120 to 240
2340
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 46 to 220
1240

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 400
280
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 180
430
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 660
1440
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 640
1400
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 900
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 170
38
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 24
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 44
7.8
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 140
9.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 9.5
3.9
Density, g/cm3 2.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.2
1.9
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
26
Embodied Water, L/kg 1180
55

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 2.6 to 19
120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 15 to 340
4120
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 50
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 12 to 24
84
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 20 to 31
51
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 68
10
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 5.2 to 11
70

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 96 to 99.5
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.38 to 0.43
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.2
0.7 to 1.0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.3
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.7
93.3 to 94.8
Magnesium (Mg), % 0.2 to 0.8
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 0.8
0.65 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.35 to 0.45
Nickel (Ni), % 0
1.7 to 2.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.012
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.6
1.5 to 1.8
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.012
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.1
0
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.050 to 0.1
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.4
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0