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354.0 Aluminum vs. SAE-AISI 4028 Steel

354.0 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 4028 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 354.0 aluminum and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4028 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 71
190
Elongation at Break, % 2.4 to 3.0
14 to 23
Fatigue Strength, MPa 92 to 120
180 to 330
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 360 to 380
490 to 630
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 280 to 310
260 to 520

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 530
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 170
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 600
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 550
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 900
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 130
49
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 21
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 32
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 110
8.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 9.5
2.1
Density, g/cm3 2.7
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 7.8
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 1070
47

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 8.6 to 9.8
81 to 95
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 540 to 670
180 to 720
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 15
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 52
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 37 to 39
17 to 22
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42 to 44
18 to 21
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 52
13
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 17 to 18
16 to 20

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 87.3 to 89.4
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.25 to 0.3
Copper (Cu), % 1.6 to 2.0
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.2
98.1 to 98.7
Magnesium (Mg), % 0.4 to 0.6
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.1
0.7 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.2 to 0.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 8.6 to 9.4
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0
0.035 to 0.050
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.2
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.1
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0