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354.0 Aluminum vs. SAE-AISI D3 Steel

354.0 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while SAE-AISI D3 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 354.0 aluminum and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI D3 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 71
190
Elongation at Break, % 2.4 to 3.0
9.8 to 15
Fatigue Strength, MPa 92 to 120
310 to 940
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
74
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 360 to 380
770 to 2050
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 280 to 310
480 to 1550

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 530
270
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 600
1430
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 550
1390
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 900
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 130
31
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 21
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 32
3.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 110
3.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 9.5
8.0
Density, g/cm3 2.7
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 7.8
3.2
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
48
Embodied Water, L/kg 1070
100

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 8.6 to 9.8
97 to 180
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 15
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 52
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 37 to 39
28 to 74
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42 to 44
24 to 47
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 52
8.3
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 17 to 18
23 to 63

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 87.3 to 89.4
0
Carbon (C), % 0
2.0 to 2.4
Chromium (Cr), % 0
11 to 13.5
Copper (Cu), % 1.6 to 2.0
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.2
80.3 to 87
Magnesium (Mg), % 0.4 to 0.6
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.1
0 to 0.6
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 0.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 8.6 to 9.4
0 to 0.6
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.030
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.2
0
Tungsten (W), % 0
0 to 1.0
Vanadium (V), % 0
0 to 1.0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.1
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0