359.0 Aluminum vs. SAE-AISI 4161 Steel
359.0 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 4161 steel belongs to the iron alloys. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is 359.0 aluminum and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4161 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 90 to 100 | |
| 200 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 71 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 3.8 to 4.9 | |
| 20 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 100 | |
| 290 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.33 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 27 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 220 to 230 | |
| 420 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 340 to 350 | |
| 680 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 250 to 280 | |
| 410 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 530 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 170 | |
| 420 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 600 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 570 | |
| 1410 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 910 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 140 | |
| 43 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 21 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 35 | |
| 7.3 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 120 | |
| 8.4 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 9.5 | |
| 2.5 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 2.6 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 8.0 | |
| 1.5 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 150 | |
| 20 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 1090 | |
| 50 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 12 to 15 | |
| 120 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 450 to 540 | |
| 460 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 15 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 54 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 37 to 38 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 42 to 43 | |
| 22 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 59 | |
| 12 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 16 to 17 | |
| 22 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 88.9 to 91 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 | |
| 0.56 to 0.64 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 0.7 to 0.9 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 to 0.2 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.2 | |
| 96.7 to 97.6 |
| Magnesium (Mg), % | 0.5 to 0.7 | |
| 0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 0.1 | |
| 0.75 to 1.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.25 to 0.35 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.035 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 8.5 to 9.5 | |
| 0.15 to 0.35 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 to 0.2 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 to 0.1 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 |