4032 Aluminum vs. SAE-AISI 51B60 Steel
4032 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 51B60 steel belongs to the iron alloys. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is 4032 aluminum and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 51B60 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 120 | |
| 200 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 6.7 | |
| 12 to 21 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 110 | |
| 280 to 340 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.33 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 28 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 260 | |
| 390 to 420 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 390 | |
| 660 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 320 | |
| 400 to 550 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 570 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 180 | |
| 420 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 570 | |
| 1450 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 530 | |
| 1410 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 900 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 140 | |
| 43 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 19 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 34 | |
| 7.2 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 120 | |
| 8.3 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 10 | |
| 2.1 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 2.6 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 7.8 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 140 | |
| 19 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 1030 | |
| 49 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 25 | |
| 73 to 120 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 700 | |
| 420 to 800 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 15 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 53 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 41 | |
| 23 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 45 | |
| 22 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 59 | |
| 12 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 20 | |
| 19 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 81.1 to 87.2 | |
| 0 |
| Boron (B), % | 0 | |
| 0.00050 to 0.0030 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 | |
| 0.56 to 0.64 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 to 0.1 | |
| 0.7 to 0.9 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0.5 to 1.3 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 97 to 97.8 |
| Magnesium (Mg), % | 0.8 to 1.3 | |
| 0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.75 to 1.0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0.5 to 1.3 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.035 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 11 to 13.5 | |
| 0.15 to 0.35 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 |