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4045 Aluminum vs. Type 3 Niobium

4045 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while Type 3 niobium belongs to the otherwise unclassified metals. There are 20 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (12, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 4045 aluminum and the bottom bar is Type 3 niobium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 71
100
Elongation at Break, % 2.3
23
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.4
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
38
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 120
220
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 64
140

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 540
310
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 900
270
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 170
42
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 21
7.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 2.6
8.6
Embodied Water, L/kg 1070
160

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 2.4
44
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 29
93
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 15
6.8
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 54
18
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 13
7.2
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 21
9.5
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 74
18
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 5.7
21

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 87.4 to 91
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0 to 0.010
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.3
0
Hafnium (Hf), % 0
0 to 0.020
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.0015
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.8
0 to 0.0050
Magnesium (Mg), % 0 to 0.050
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.050
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0 to 0.010
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 0.0050
Niobium (Nb), % 0
98.6 to 99.2
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.010
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.015
Silicon (Si), % 9.0 to 11
0 to 0.0050
Tantalum (Ta), % 0
0 to 0.1
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.2
0 to 0.020
Tungsten (W), % 0
0 to 0.030
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.1
0
Zirconium (Zr), % 0
0.8 to 1.2
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0