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4104 Aluminum vs. ACI-ASTM CG12 Steel

4104 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ACI-ASTM CG12 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 4104 aluminum and the bottom bar is ACI-ASTM CG12 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 71
200
Elongation at Break, % 2.4
40
Fatigue Strength, MPa 42
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
78
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 110
550
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 60
220

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 540
300
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 160
1040
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 600
1410
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 560
1370
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 900
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 130
15
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 22
16

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 33
2.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 120
2.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 9.5
18
Density, g/cm3 2.6
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.0
3.3
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
48
Embodied Water, L/kg 1080
160

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 2.3
180
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 25
120
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 15
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 54
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 12
20
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 20
19
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 58
4.0
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 5.1
12

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 85.8 to 90
0
Bismuth (Bi), % 0.020 to 0.2
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0 to 0.12
Chromium (Cr), % 0
20 to 23
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.25
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.8
60.3 to 70
Magnesium (Mg), % 1.0 to 2.0
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.1
0 to 1.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
10 to 13
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 9.0 to 10.5
0 to 2.0
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.040
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.2
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0