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413.0 Aluminum vs. ASTM A231 Spring Steel

413.0 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ASTM A231 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 413.0 aluminum and the bottom bar is ASTM A231 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 80
540
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 73
190
Elongation at Break, % 2.5
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 130
1000
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 28
73
Shear Strength, MPa 170
1080
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 270
1790
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 140
1570

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 570
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 170
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 590
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 580
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 900
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 140
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 20
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 35
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 120
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 9.5
2.3
Density, g/cm3 2.6
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 7.6
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 140
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 1040
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 5.7
230
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 16
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 53
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 29
64
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 36
42
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 59
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 13
53

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 82.2 to 89
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.48 to 0.53
Chromium (Cr), % 0
0.8 to 1.1
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 1.0
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 2.0
96.7 to 97.7
Magnesium (Mg), % 0 to 0.1
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.35
0.7 to 0.9
Nickel (Ni), % 0 to 0.5
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 11 to 13
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.040
Tin (Sn), % 0 to 0.15
0
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.15 to 0.3
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.5
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.25
0