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4147 Aluminum vs. ASTM A387 Grade 12 Steel

4147 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ASTM A387 grade 12 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 4147 aluminum and the bottom bar is ASTM A387 grade 12 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 72
190
Elongation at Break, % 3.3
25
Fatigue Strength, MPa 42
190 to 230
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
73
Shear Strength, MPa 63
300 to 330
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 110
470 to 520
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 59
260 to 310

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 570
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 160
430
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 580
1470
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 560
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 900
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 130
44
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 21
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 33
7.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 120
8.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 9.5
2.8
Density, g/cm3 2.5
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 7.7
1.6
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 140
21
Embodied Water, L/kg 1050
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 3.1
98 to 110
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 24
180 to 250
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 16
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 55
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 12
16 to 18
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 20
17 to 18
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 58
12
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 5.2
14 to 15

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 85 to 88.9
0
Beryllium (Be), % 0 to 0.00030
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.050 to 0.17
Chromium (Cr), % 0
0.8 to 1.2
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.25
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.8
97 to 98.2
Magnesium (Mg), % 0.1 to 0.5
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.1
0.4 to 0.65
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.45 to 0.6
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.025
Silicon (Si), % 11 to 13
0.15 to 0.4
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.025
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.2
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0