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444.0 Aluminum vs. SAE-AISI 4340M Steel

444.0 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 4340M steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 444.0 aluminum and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4340M steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 50
710
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 71
190
Elongation at Break, % 25
6.0
Fatigue Strength, MPa 51
690
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
72
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 190
2340
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 83
1240

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 500
280
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 170
430
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 610
1440
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 600
1400
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 900
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 160
38
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 22
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 40
7.8
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 140
9.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 9.5
3.9
Density, g/cm3 2.6
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 7.9
1.9
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
26
Embodied Water, L/kg 1110
55

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 39
120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 49
4120
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 15
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 53
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 20
84
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 28
51
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 67
10
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 8.8
70

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 90.5 to 93.5
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.38 to 0.43
Chromium (Cr), % 0
0.7 to 1.0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.25
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.6
93.3 to 94.8
Magnesium (Mg), % 0 to 0.1
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.35
0.65 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.35 to 0.45
Nickel (Ni), % 0
1.7 to 2.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.012
Silicon (Si), % 6.5 to 7.5
1.5 to 1.8
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.012
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.25
0
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.050 to 0.1
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.35
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0