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851.0 Aluminum vs. ASTM A232 Spring Steel

851.0 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ASTM A232 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (7, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 851.0 aluminum and the bottom bar is ASTM A232 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 69
190
Elongation at Break, % 3.9 to 9.1
14
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 26
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 130 to 140
1790

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 410
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 180
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 630
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 360
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 850
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 180
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 23
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 46
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 140
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 14
2.3
Density, g/cm3 3.1
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.4
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 160
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 1140
51

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 45
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 12 to 13
64
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 19 to 20
42
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 69
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 6.1 to 6.3
53

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 86.6 to 91.5
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.48 to 0.53
Chromium (Cr), % 0
0.8 to 1.1
Copper (Cu), % 0.7 to 1.3
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.7
96.8 to 97.7
Magnesium (Mg), % 0 to 0.1
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.1
0.7 to 0.9
Nickel (Ni), % 0.3 to 0.7
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 2.0 to 3.0
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.035
Tin (Sn), % 5.5 to 7.0
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.2
0
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.15 to 0.3
Residuals, % 0 to 0.3
0