AISI 416 Stainless Steel vs. Grade 33 Titanium
AISI 416 stainless steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 33 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is AISI 416 stainless steel and the bottom bar is grade 33 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 13 to 31 | |
| 23 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 230 to 340 | |
| 250 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.28 | |
| 0.32 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 76 | |
| 41 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 340 to 480 | |
| 240 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 510 to 800 | |
| 390 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 290 to 600 | |
| 350 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 270 | |
| 420 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 680 | |
| 320 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1530 | |
| 1660 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1480 | |
| 1610 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
| 540 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 30 | |
| 21 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.9 | |
| 8.7 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 2.9 | |
| 3.4 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 3.3 | |
| 6.9 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 7.0 | |
| 55 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 4.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.9 | |
| 33 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 27 | |
| 530 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 100 | |
| 200 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 98 to 140 | |
| 86 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 220 to 940 | |
| 590 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 18 to 29 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 18 to 25 | |
| 26 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.1 | |
| 8.7 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 to 30 | |
| 30 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 12 to 14 | |
| 0.1 to 0.2 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 83.2 to 87.9 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.3 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0.35 to 0.55 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0 | |
| 0.010 to 0.020 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.060 | |
| 0 |
| Ruthenium (Ru), % | 0 | |
| 0.020 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 98.1 to 99.52 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |