ASTM A182 Grade F12 Class 2 vs. ASTM A182 Grade F23
Both ASTM A182 grade F12 class 2 and ASTM A182 grade F23 are iron alloys. They have a very high 97% of their average alloy composition in common.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A182 grade F12 class 2 and the bottom bar is ASTM A182 grade F23.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 180 | |
| 190 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 22 | |
| 22 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 220 | |
| 320 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 34 | |
| 46 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 74 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 340 | |
| 360 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 540 | |
| 570 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 310 | |
| 460 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 430 | |
| 450 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1500 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1450 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 43 | |
| 41 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.3 | |
| 7.8 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.4 | |
| 8.9 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.8 | |
| 7.0 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 8.0 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.6 | |
| 2.5 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 21 | |
| 36 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 52 | |
| 59 |
Common Calculations
| PREN (Pitting Resistance) | 2.8 | |
| 5.7 |
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 100 | |
| 120 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 260 | |
| 550 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 19 | |
| 20 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 19 | |
| 19 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 12 | |
| 11 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 16 | |
| 17 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Boron (B), % | 0 | |
| 0.0010 to 0.0060 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.1 to 0.2 | |
| 0.040 to 0.1 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.8 to 1.3 | |
| 1.9 to 2.6 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 96.4 to 98.3 | |
| 93.2 to 96.2 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.3 to 0.8 | |
| 0.1 to 0.6 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.44 to 0.65 | |
| 0.050 to 0.3 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 | |
| 0.020 to 0.080 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.1 to 0.6 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 0.0050 to 0.060 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 0 | |
| 1.5 to 1.8 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 0.2 to 0.3 |