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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. AWS ERNi-1

ASTM A231 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while AWS ERNi-1 belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 24 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (7, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is AWS ERNi-1.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
180
Elongation at Break, % 14
22
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.31
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
69
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
470

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
300
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1360
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1310
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
450
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
73
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
19
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
19

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
60
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
11
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
150
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
230

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
12
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
22
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
15
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
15
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
19
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
17

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0 to 1.5
Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.15
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
0 to 1.0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 1.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
93 to 98
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.75
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.015
Titanium (Ti), % 0
2.0 to 3.5
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.5