ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. EN 1.0034 Steel
Both ASTM A231 spring steel and EN 1.0034 steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 98% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is EN 1.0034 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 540 | |
| 97 to 110 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 14 | |
| 9.0 to 32 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 1000 | |
| 140 to 170 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 1080 | |
| 220 to 230 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1790 | |
| 340 to 380 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 1570 | |
| 180 to 280 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 420 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 52 | |
| 53 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.3 | |
| 7.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.4 | |
| 8.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.3 | |
| 1.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.0 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 28 | |
| 18 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 51 | |
| 45 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 230 | |
| 31 to 95 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 64 | |
| 12 to 13 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 42 | |
| 14 to 15 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 53 | |
| 11 to 12 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.48 to 0.53 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.8 to 1.1 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 96.7 to 97.7 | |
| 98.7 to 100 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.7 to 0.9 | |
| 0 to 0.7 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.045 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 to 0.35 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.045 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0.15 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |