ASTM A372 Grade G Steel vs. Grade 23 Titanium
ASTM A372 grade G steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 23 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade G steel and the bottom bar is grade 23 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 20 to 22 | |
| 6.7 to 11 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 310 to 380 | |
| 470 to 500 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.32 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 40 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 410 to 570 | |
| 540 to 570 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 650 to 910 | |
| 930 to 940 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 430 to 550 | |
| 850 to 870 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 410 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 410 | |
| 340 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1610 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1560 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 560 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 46 | |
| 7.1 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 9.4 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.2 | |
| 1.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.3 | |
| 2.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.2 | |
| 36 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 4.4 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.5 | |
| 38 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 20 | |
| 610 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 49 | |
| 200 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 130 to 160 | |
| 61 to 100 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 500 to 810 | |
| 3430 to 3560 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 23 to 32 | |
| 58 to 59 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 21 to 27 | |
| 48 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 13 | |
| 2.9 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 to 27 | |
| 67 to 68 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 5.5 to 6.5 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.25 to 0.35 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.4 to 0.65 | |
| 0 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.013 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 97.4 to 98.4 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.7 to 1.0 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.15 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.13 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.010 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 88.1 to 91 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 3.5 to 4.5 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |