Grade 23 (Ti-6Al-4V ELI, R56407) Titanium
Grade 23 titanium is a titanium alloy formulated for primary forming into wrought products. R56407 is the UNS number for this material. Additionally, the ASTM designation is Titanium Grade 23.
It has a fairly low density among wrought titaniums. In addition, it has a moderately high heat capacity and a moderately low melting temperature.
The properties of grade 23 titanium include two common variations. This page shows summary ranges across both of them. For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare grade 23 titanium to: wrought titaniums (top), all titanium alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
110 GPa 15 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
6.7 to 11 %
Fatigue Strength
470 to 500 MPa 68 to 72 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.32
Reduction in Area
30 %
Rockwell C Hardness
32
Shear Modulus
40 GPa 5.8 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
540 to 570 MPa 79 to 82 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
930 to 940 MPa 130 to 140 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
850 to 870 MPa 120 to 130 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
410 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
340 °C 640 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1610 °C 2930 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1560 °C 2840 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
560 J/kg-K 0.13 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
7.1 W/m-K 4.1 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
9.4 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
1.0 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
2.0 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
36 % relative
Density
4.4 g/cm3 280 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
38 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
610 MJ/kg 260 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
200 L/kg 23 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
61 to 100 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
3430 to 3560 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
35 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
58 to 59 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
48 points
Thermal Diffusivity
2.9 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
67 to 68 points
Alloy Composition
| Ti | 88.1 to 91 | |
| Al | 5.5 to 6.5 | |
| V | 3.5 to 4.5 | |
| Fe | 0 to 0.25 | |
| O | 0 to 0.13 | |
| C | 0 to 0.080 | |
| N | 0 to 0.030 | |
| H | 0 to 0.013 | |
| res. | 0 to 0.4 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ISO 5832-3: Implants for surgery - Metallic materials - Part 3: Wrought titanium 6-aluminium 4-vanadium alloy
Titanium Alloys: Modelling of Microstructure, Properties, and Applications, Wei Sha and Savko Malinov, 2009
ASTM B861: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Seamless Pipe
ASTM B381: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Forgings
ASTM B265: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate
ASTM B348: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets
Titanium and Titanium Alloys: Fundamentals and Applications, Christoph Leyens and Manfred Peters (editors), 2003
Titanium, 2nd ed., G. Lutjering and J. C. Williams, 2007
Environmental Degradation of Advanced and Traditional Engineering Materials, Lloyd H. Hihara et al., 2014.