ASTM A514 Steel vs. Grade 23 Titanium
ASTM A514 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 23 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A514 steel and the bottom bar is grade 23 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 18 to 21 | |
| 6.7 to 11 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 470 to 540 | |
| 470 to 500 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.32 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 40 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 490 to 520 | |
| 540 to 570 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 790 to 830 | |
| 930 to 940 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 690 to 770 | |
| 850 to 870 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 to 260 | |
| 410 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 to 440 | |
| 340 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1610 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1560 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 560 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 37 to 51 | |
| 7.1 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 9.4 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.2 to 7.6 | |
| 1.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.3 to 8.8 | |
| 2.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.3 to 3.8 | |
| 36 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 to 7.9 | |
| 4.4 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.6 to 1.8 | |
| 38 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 21 to 25 | |
| 610 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 48 to 57 | |
| 200 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 140 to 170 | |
| 61 to 100 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 1280 to 1590 | |
| 3430 to 3560 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 28 to 29 | |
| 58 to 59 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 24 to 25 | |
| 48 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 10 to 14 | |
| 2.9 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 23 to 24 | |
| 67 to 68 |