ASTM Grade HD Steel vs. C61400 Bronze
ASTM grade HD steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C61400 bronze belongs to the copper alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HD steel and the bottom bar is C61400 bronze.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.1 | |
| 34 to 40 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.34 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 43 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 590 | |
| 540 to 570 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 270 | |
| 220 to 270 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 310 | |
| 220 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 1100 | |
| 220 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1050 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1370 | |
| 1040 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 490 | |
| 420 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 16 | |
| 67 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 11 | |
| 18 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 2.1 | |
| 14 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.5 | |
| 15 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 17 | |
| 28 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 8.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.1 | |
| 3.0 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 45 | |
| 48 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 360 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 44 | |
| 160 to 170 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 | |
| 210 to 310 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 15 | |
| 7.5 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 26 | |
| 19 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 21 | |
| 18 to 19 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 20 | |
| 17 to 18 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 4.3 | |
| 19 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 | |
| 18 to 20 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 6.0 to 8.0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 26 to 30 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 86 to 92.5 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 58.4 to 70 | |
| 1.5 to 3.5 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.5 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 4.0 to 7.0 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |