UNS C61400 (CW303G) Aluminum Bronze
C61400 bronze is a bronze formulated for primary forming into wrought products. CW303G is the EN numeric designation for this material. C61400 is the UNS number. Additionally, the EN chemical designation is CuAl8Fe3. And the British Standard (BS) designation is CA106. Older literature may refer to this material as ASTM Aluminum Bronze Type D, but this is now discouraged.
It has a moderately high melting temperature and can have a moderately high ductility among wrought bronzes.
The properties of C61400 bronze include four common variations. This page shows summary ranges across all of them. For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare C61400 bronze to: wrought bronzes (top), all copper alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
110 GPa 17 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
34 to 40 %
Poisson's Ratio
0.34
Shear Modulus
43 GPa 6.2 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
370 to 380 MPa 53 to 56 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
540 to 570 MPa 78 to 83 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
220 to 270 MPa 32 to 38 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
220 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
220 °C 420 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1050 °C 1910 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1040 °C 1910 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
420 J/kg-K 0.1 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
67 W/m-K 39 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
18 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
14 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
15 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
28 % relative
Density
8.5 g/cm3 530 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
3.0 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
48 MJ/kg 21 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
360 L/kg 44 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
160 to 170 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
210 to 310 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
7.5 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
19 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
18 to 19 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
17 to 18 points
Thermal Diffusivity
19 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
18 to 20 points
Alloy Composition
Among wrought copper alloys, the composition of C61400 bronze is notable for including aluminum (Al) and phosphorus (P). Aluminum is used to add strength and oxidation resistance. Phosphorus is used as an alloy deoxidizer, and to reduce vulnerability to dezincification.
| Cu | 86 to 92.5 | |
| Al | 6.0 to 8.0 | |
| Fe | 1.5 to 3.5 | |
| Mn | 0 to 1.0 | |
| Zn | 0 to 1.0 | |
| P | 0 to 0.015 | |
| Pb | 0 to 0.010 | |
| res. | 0 to 0.5 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM B169: Standard Specification for Aluminum Bronze Sheet, Strip, and Rolled Bar
ASTM B150: Standard Specification for Aluminum Bronze Rod, Bar, and Shapes
ASM Specialty Handbook: Copper and Copper Alloys, J. R. Davis (editor), 2001