ASTM Grade HK Steel vs. AWS ERNi-1
ASTM grade HK steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while AWS ERNi-1 belongs to the nickel alloys. They have a modest 21% of their average alloy composition in common, which, by itself, doesn't mean much. There are 24 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HK steel and the bottom bar is AWS ERNi-1.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 180 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 11 | |
| 22 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.31 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 79 | |
| 69 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 500 | |
| 470 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 310 | |
| 300 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1400 | |
| 1360 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1350 | |
| 1310 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
| 450 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 15 | |
| 73 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 17 | |
| 11 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 2.0 | |
| 19 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.3 | |
| 19 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 25 | |
| 60 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 8.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 4.4 | |
| 11 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 63 | |
| 150 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 200 | |
| 230 |
Common Calculations
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 12 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 22 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 18 | |
| 15 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 18 | |
| 15 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 3.9 | |
| 19 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 11 | |
| 17 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.5 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.2 to 0.6 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 24 to 28 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 44.8 to 57.8 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 18 to 22 | |
| 93 to 98 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 to 0.75 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 2.0 to 3.5 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |