Grade 21 Titanium vs. Monel 400
Grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while Monel 400 belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 21 titanium and the bottom bar is Monel 400.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 140 | |
| 160 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.0 to 17 | |
| 20 to 40 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 550 to 660 | |
| 230 to 290 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.32 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 51 | |
| 62 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 550 to 790 | |
| 370 to 490 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 890 to 1340 | |
| 540 to 780 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 870 to 1170 | |
| 210 to 590 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 270 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 310 | |
| 1000 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1740 | |
| 1350 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1690 | |
| 1300 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 500 | |
| 430 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.5 | |
| 23 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 14 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 60 | |
| 50 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 5.4 | |
| 8.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 32 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 490 | |
| 110 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 250 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 to 180 | |
| 140 to 180 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 2760 to 5010 | |
| 140 to 1080 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 10 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 21 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 46 to 69 | |
| 17 to 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 38 to 50 | |
| 17 to 21 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.8 | |
| 6.1 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 66 to 100 | |
| 17 to 25 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 2.5 to 3.5 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 28 to 34 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 2.5 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 14 to 16 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 63 to 72 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 2.2 to 3.2 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.17 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.25 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.024 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 76 to 81.2 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |