Grade 23 Titanium vs. ASTM A387 Grade 22 Steel
Grade 23 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while ASTM A387 grade 22 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 23 titanium and the bottom bar is ASTM A387 grade 22 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 6.7 to 11 | |
| 21 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 470 to 500 | |
| 160 to 240 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 40 | |
| 74 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 540 to 570 | |
| 300 to 380 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 930 to 940 | |
| 480 to 600 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 850 to 870 | |
| 230 to 350 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 260 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 340 | |
| 460 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1470 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1560 | |
| 1430 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 560 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 40 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.4 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 1.0 | |
| 7.5 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.0 | |
| 8.6 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 36 | |
| 3.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.4 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 38 | |
| 1.7 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 610 | |
| 23 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 200 | |
| 58 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 61 to 100 | |
| 85 to 110 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 3430 to 3560 | |
| 140 to 320 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 58 to 59 | |
| 17 to 21 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 48 | |
| 17 to 20 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.9 | |
| 11 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 67 to 68 | |
| 14 to 17 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 5.5 to 6.5 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.050 to 0.15 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 2.0 to 2.5 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.013 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 95.1 to 96.8 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.3 to 0.6 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.9 to 1.1 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.13 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 88.1 to 91 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 3.5 to 4.5 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |