Grade 23 Titanium vs. SAE-AISI 4340 Steel
Grade 23 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 4340 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 23 titanium and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4340 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 6.7 to 11 | |
| 12 to 22 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 470 to 500 | |
| 330 to 740 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 40 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 540 to 570 | |
| 430 to 770 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 930 to 940 | |
| 690 to 1280 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 850 to 870 | |
| 470 to 1150 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 340 | |
| 430 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1560 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 560 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 44 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.4 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 1.0 | |
| 7.5 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.0 | |
| 8.6 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 36 | |
| 3.5 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.4 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 38 | |
| 1.7 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 610 | |
| 22 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 200 | |
| 53 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 61 to 100 | |
| 79 to 170 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 3430 to 3560 | |
| 590 to 3490 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 58 to 59 | |
| 24 to 45 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 48 | |
| 22 to 33 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.9 | |
| 12 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 67 to 68 | |
| 20 to 38 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 5.5 to 6.5 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.38 to 0.43 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 0.7 to 0.9 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.013 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 95.1 to 96.3 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.6 to 0.8 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.2 to 0.3 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 1.7 to 2.0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.13 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.035 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0.15 to 0.35 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 88.1 to 91 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 3.5 to 4.5 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |